There is an interesting chapter in the book Fences and Windows that talks about the anti apartheid movement in South Africa.  It insists that although racial segregation has been put to an end here a system of classes has replaced it and continues to play the same role.  Here though it pin points the blame on a specific restructuring program embraced by the current government and nurtured by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.  The chapter talks a lot about how Nelson Mandela dreamed of South Africa being a place that offered economic as well as democratic freedom.  Along with a place that could provide basic necessities for its people such as housing, water and electricity through “massive public work programs.”  The African National Congress couldn’t do this because clear threats were made from international markets that if they underwent these economic changes then they would be punished by the international market and an economic meltdown would ensue along with bringing an end to African rule in South Africa.  This led South Africa having to open up even more of their markets to foreign investors.  Much of the country is run by white owned companies that are there to indulge in South Africa’s vast mineral wealth.  Since the early 21^st century this has led to the exact opposite effects as Nelson Mandela’s dream.  Leading to a population where five million people are HIV positive and nearly eight million people are homeless.  Which makes you wonder if Nelson Mandela’s dreams will ever be accomplished here.